OVERVIEW OF NORMAL DELIVERY
Normal delivery is a completely natural delivery of a baby by the mother without any medical intervention.
Recent data from the National Family Health Survey 2014-15 (NFHS-4) reveals that at the all India level the rate of C-sections has doubled over the last decade, while in last 20 years, it has risen six times. Rates of cesarean section are much higher in private hospitals than in public hospital.
Until 2010, cesarean—or C-sections—were limited to 8.5% of all deliveries in the country, But in the last decade or so, the numbers have escalated in many parts of the country. It’s not only in India but all over world caesarean rates have increased. Turkey is at the opposite end of the scale with just over half of all babies delivered via c-section. The United States and Australia also have higher cesarean rates than average, 32.5 and 32.1 per 100 live births respectively.
The question that arises here is whether caesarean section delivery is free of all complications and if no, then what can a woman do to reduce possibility of ending up in caesarean section .
Stages Of Normal Delivery
First Stage
Labour and effacement of the cervix
The first stage of the normal delivery process involves contractions which help the cervix dilate, soften and stretch so that the baby can be delivered. This stage is the longest and can last up to 13 hours during a woman’s first delivery and about 7-8 hours for subsequent deliveries.
This first stage has three sub-stages:
- Early labour:
The mother becomes aware of the contractions that occur at an interval of every 3 to 5
minutes. The cervix dilates up to 4 centimetres.
The mother can spend early labour at home. However, the doctor should be informed.
- Active labour:
The mother transitions to the active phase when the contractions become stronger and more
frequent. They occur at intervals of 3-4 minutes and each one lasts for about a minute.
The cervix dilates up to 7 cm. The mother must be taken to the hospital for delivery.
The water breaks as labour progress through this stage. Thereafter, contractions further speed
- Transition Phase:
This is the most painful phase as the cervix dilates to its fullest, at about 10 cms. Painful, strong contractions continue at intervals of 2-3minutes, each lasting 60-90 seconds.
Second Stage
Pushing & birth of the baby
This stage begins after the complete dilation of the cervix. Intense contractions continue, helping push the baby head first through the birth canal. The mother is asked to push with every contraction and may find herself highly fatigued. She may also experience intense pain around the vaginal opening as the baby makes its way out. At this stage, the doctor may decide to make an incision (episiotomy) to widen the vaginal opening to make the baby’s emergence easier. The mother must continue to push till the baby finally makes it out into the world.
Third Stage
Placenta Is Pushed Out
In this final stage of the normal delivery called the ‘afterbirth’, the entire placenta is pushed out through the vaginal canal. The placenta may be delivered from a few minutes to half an hour after the baby is born. The process may be manually assisted by massaging the lower abdomen.
Benefits Of Normal Delivery
The benefits of vaginal delivery include:
- Avoids risks associated with instruments used for a c-section delivery.
- Lower risk of infection for mother and child
- Quicker recovery for mother and shorter hospital stay (24-48 hours as compared to 3 days to a week post caesarean)
- The natural bacteria and microbes of the vagina transferred from mother to child boost the baby’s immune system, readying it for life outside the protected womb.
- Babies are at lower risk for respiratory problems since the labour contractions help prepare the baby’s lungs for breathing
- Normal delivery stimulates lactation because the birthing process activates numerous natural mothering hormones.